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A
UNIT OF UNITED EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN INDIA (UELCI)
Introduction
United Evangelical
Lutheran Church in India is an umbrella organisation of ten Lutheran
Churches in India spread from North East, Assam, West Bengal,
Jharkand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu and Kerala. Members belonging to these Churches are mostly
Dalits, Adivasis, Fisher-folk and backward communities predominantly
settled in climatic eco-zones in the coast, forest and arid areas,
which are affected by perceptual drought, reoccurrence of cyclone,
flash floods and heavy rains. UELCI‘s national office is based
in Chennai. Among them many Church and Non-Church related Non-Governmental
organisations are also working for the welfare of the communities.
UELCI to respond
to long-term development and humanitarian assistance of the victims
of natural and man made disasters, it established many units such
as Action cum Research Institute, Development Projects, Emergency
units and Rural Development Training Centre under the broad desk
of UELCI called Division of Social Action (DSA). DSA’s role has
been a facilitator in providing basic services to conduct research
in the field of community development, preparation of community
centered development programmes and screening these proposals.
UELCI is a member of the Lutheran World Federation and therefore
plays as a link between the member churches, its missions abroad
and the unilateral agencies like the NCCI, LWF, LWS, WCC and ACT.
However, since 1978,
UELCI was able to handle localised emergencies such as drought,
floods and cyclone with the participation of its member churches.
These interventions were made just to provide assistance during
the crisis phase and the interventions very much depended on how
quickly UELCI was able to raise the resources either from LWF/LWS
or from bi-lateral resource agencies of UELCI.
In 1988, while the
entire state of Orissa was reeling under drought, IRDWSI along
with EZE several NGOs in Orissa met at WIDA, Semiliguda to analyse
the root causes of drought, the current response of NGOs, Churches,
Government and the Resource Agencies. The three-day workshop on
Drought enabled the participants collectively to draw out a vision,
mission and a long-term development strategy to combat the drought
situation in Orissa. This emerged into Orissa Drought Action Forum
having membership of 12 NGOs in Orissa mostly working among Adivasis,
Dalits and inland fisher folk covering 19 districts out of 30
and reaching nearly to 1200 villages and covering a population
of 150,000. This effort was accompanied and supported by EZE,
Germany. IRDWSI/CReNIEO took the responsibility of convening and
coordinating the programmes of ODAF for almost ten years.
In the year 1997, the Orissa Drought Action Forum was changed
to Orissa Development Action Forum.
After the formation
of the ACT Alliance of LWF and WCC emergency units, three Church
Partners from India became the ACT members. UELCI and CASA were
alternatively representing in the ACT Emergency Committee. In
the first term it was CASA and in the second it is UELCI. This
arrangement was continuing till recently and from 2003 onwards
the members to ACT Governance will be elected.
IRDWSI
and Emergencies
On behalf of UELCI
the Integrated Rural Development of Weakersections called WIDA
was assigned to represent in the ACT Governance and to respond
to emergencies through ACT. IRDWSI/WIDA established a desk called
the Disaster Preparedness and Response Team which is based at
Visakhapatnam. Emergency programmes were planned, implemented,
coordinated through IRDWSI/WIDA.
The role of IRDWSI
in large-scale emergencies became inevitable after the super cyclone
Orissa in 1999. The Government of Orissa invited IRDWSI and their
partners to effectively engage in the crisis phase and in the
short-term rehabilitation of repair of houses and livelihood assistance.
IRDWSI worked through the ODAF Partners in the Super Cyclone.
Almost after 25 years of development and emergency assistance,
IRDWSI has built up relationship with many local NGOs in India
through its programme in Orissa building alliance to engage in
advocacy and lobby work against the policies and acts that were
anti-people, anti-environment and anti-development.
The issues related
Adivasis, Dalits and Fisher folk were part of IRDWSI agenda. Displacement,
Mega development projects that destroy local environment, commercial
plantation, Land Acquisition ACT, V Schedule, Panchayati Raj,
Conflict over control of natural resources by the corporates were
some of the areas where IRDWSI continues to collaborate and cooperate
with network of NGOs and People’s Movements.
IRDWSI identifies
NGOs in a disaster struck region those who are knowledgeable of
the region, culturally sensitive, already active in the region,
more pro-poor and are able to take up advocacy issues and fight
for the justice of the poor. IRDWSI believes in creating
more space for such approaches and collectively respond to emergencies
as well continue to work as collective in the longer run.
One another guiding
values is that to create local capacities instead of moving into
the disaster areas by IRDWSI itself. IRDWSI on behalf of
UELCI can build large infrastructure, maintain a large number
of professional and experienced people and create resources to
sustain these efforts and to move into disaster areas to provide
assistance to the victims of disaster. IRDWSI believes in localisation
of skills and knowledge at the community level, strengthen the
NGO capacities and provide a space for NGOs to act collectively.
This is an unique
experience of IRDWSI, and we are able to slowly establish and
anchor this approach in critical disaster prone zones as a model
and experiment with the Church related or Non Church organisations
as well as through them build communities for long term intervention.
Considering the recurrence
of Disasters in India, it has been working for Sustainable Disaster
Management keeping the community development approach at the core:
which is a detachment from traditional “relief- delivery” approach.
While the traditional approach relates to moving into work after
disaster and moving out before proper rehabilitation emphasizing
immediate relief service without caring for the empowerment of
community members, IRDWSI considers peoples empowerment as corner
stone for community centered Disaster Preparedness.
IRDWSI does not offer
such models that does not fit with the taste, tune and texture
of people within the given socio political condition.
The role IRDWSI in
large scale emergencies became inevitable after the super cyclone.
IRDWSI/DPAR’s main objective of disaster preparedness, mitigation
and management lies in the following framework:
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Rights
based Approach and Empowerment
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Community
Centered Disaster Preparedness and Management
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Advocacy
and Lobbying
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Networking
among the victims of disaster
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Capacity
Building of the local NGOs, their Staff, Volunteers and the
Communities
The above framework
is a guiding principle of all the IRDWSI related emergency appeals
either to ACT or to the Bi-lateral partners.
Disaster victims
have the right to be rehabilitated
People
Centered Disaster Preparedness/Management
Democratic
Decision making process
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Irrespective
of religious belief, caste, colour, creed or gender bias each
individual has equal right to participate in decision- making
process.
Transparency
Community
Development as the axis of Relief and Rehabilitation
Community
Empowerment
Advocacy
and Lobbying
Networking
among Victims of Disasters
Building
Local Capacities
Operational
Strategy / Approach
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Links
Disaster
Mitigation efforts with political, Human Rights issues and
organisations
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Identifies and
Involves a locally experienced NGOs (having knowledge of the
region, being culturally sensitive, active in the region and
more pro-poor, capable to take up fight for justice) / CBOs
/ POs in Disaster Operations, besides from involving
community groups.
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Facilitates the
formation of village- level development committees, the basic
unit to spearhead Disaster Mitigation operations.
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Organises the
Community members to demand fulfillment of their rights from
the Government.
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Facilitates for
the creation of local infrastructures by the community itself.
Beneficiary
Selection
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Disadvantaged
section of the community as Dalits, tribes, Fisher-folks,
women, children, disabled etc.
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Economically
marginalized people as agricultural land labourers, share
croppers, marginal farmers, small farmers and people under
below poverty line.
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Villages, non-
attended or sparsely attended to by the Government or other
NGOs.
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Beneficiaries
selected on the basis of observation of experts, CBOs, local
People's Representatives and by the village level committee
Gender
Housing
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Ensure community
initiative through opting replicable housing models and beneficiaries’
involvement.
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In Flood-prone
and cyclone-prone areas Flood-resistant 'frames' (concrete
pillars and tin-roofing) are supported by IRDWSI, required
unskilled manual labours are put by the beneficiaries.
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Food items are
only supported to the persons engaged in work on per diem.
Beneficiaries are mobilised to construct walls.
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Future Floods
can wash away the mud only, which can be reconstructed by
the beneficiary himself without depending on outside assistance.
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Advocates and
makes the community to avail of the entitled housing compensations
from the State.
Food
Distribution
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Discourages
free Food Distribution, where community initiative may be
killed, except in unavoidable situations
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Provides food
materials in lieu of labour contribution by the beneficiary
for making their own individual and community infrastructure.
Assistance
for Agriculture
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Seeds are supported
to marginal/ small farmers through village committees under
an agreement. The beneficiaries would return the seeds through
the village committees after harvesting.
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Seed banks are
opened with the seeds collected from villagers to meet future
need during Calamities.
Health
and Sanitation
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With primary
concern it helps the community to use safe drinking water
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Medicine kits
are supplied to village committees.
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Village volunteers
are trained/ oriented to administer medicines, where doctors
or qualified staff are not available
Lessons
Learnt
Frequency of Disasters
as Cyclone, Drought, Flood is now increasing year by year
For example, the
heat-wave in 1998 in Coastal Orissa took away 1500 lives, in 1999
two major cyclones in Orissa affected 15 million people, and killed
about 25000 people, in 2000 a severe drought affected 29 districts,
in 2001 an unprecedented Floods affected 24 districts out of 30.
In 2002 the people are facing another severe most drought .
In all these disasters
extreme behaviour of the climate is being marked. In 1998 Coastal
Orissa had reached a temperature about 500 which
was a record while normal temperature in Bhubaneswar remained
around 400 C which was unthinkable 20 years back.
The flood in 2001 was unprecedented due to its intensity
and extensiveness.
This year Drought
is considered a rare phenomenon not seen in the whole of last
century. The shortage of rainfall has broken 40 years record.
This year less than 60% rainfall has been recorded all over India.
320 districts have been identified as Drought prone.
It seems frequent
changes in climate due to Global warming caused basically by human
activities will not only make Disasters inevitable but also affect
agriculture, health, livelihood with impacts. It is known to
everybody that the industrialized and Developed countries
are more responsible in this regard than the developing
countries ones.
Globalization
-Trade liberalisation increases Vulnerability
Trade liberalisation
or Globalisation induced economic reforms has been creating more
impoverishment by largely reducing existing job opportunities,
pushing further down the small, middle and marginal farmers and
wage labourers who are of the lower economic strata;
slicing down social welfare schemes creating hindrance for the
development of local infrastructure and preparedness. These are
helping to increase vulnerability in the face of disasters of
the common people of urban and rural India.
Riots and Wars
Increasing conflicts
in between religions, communities, tribal vs non-tribals, dalits
vs higher castes are giving birth to disaster ie. Gujarat carnage.
We must not forget the disasters being faced by Afghanistan and
other war-torn countries.
Considering these
about facts Disaster has become a regular today part of Human
life. Development can not be thought of without addressing the
effects of Disaster. Now any Development thinker or worker cannot
but integrate Disaster Management with Developmental option. This
is UELCI's foremost learning. It will be its endeavor to slowly
establish and anchor this approach in critical Disaster prone
zone as a model and experiment with Church related or Non-Government
Organization as well as through them build intervention for long
term intervention.
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Involvement
of community members in the process makes the community establish
their ownership over the project, process and outcome.
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Interaction
among affected people, community leaders, experts, CBOs /
Local NGOs and UELCI facilitator during various phases
beginning from damage assessment to implementation, impact
assessment helps in joining the people's
experience and experts’ knowledge.
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Targeting
indigenous tribes, dalits (untouchables), agricultural
labourers, marginal/ small farmers and other vulnerable people
lying at the bottom-line of the society, ignoring their caste,
creed, religious affiliations helps in bringing confidence
among these people. Although it creates casual tensions among
upper strata, it makes community to stand against communal
frenzy.
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Recruiting
women as community volunteers and to work as community spokespersons
helps in building confidence and trust among women-folks and
to take up women-specific problems in Disaster mitigation
activities.
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Activating
and involving local political workers in Disaster mitigation
activities strengthens Advocacy / lobbying actions to pressurize
the Government authorities to provide compensations.
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Low
cost housing or local community infrastructures and involvement
of communities along with their own contribution
inspires other marginalised sections, beyond the targeted
areas to replicate the models without feeling
hopeless.
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Integrating
Disaster management Programmes with community development
efforts brings entire community together and make the DMP
sustainable.
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Experience
from one Disaster helps the community to strengthen their
coping up mechanism to face another Disaster of similar kind.
Future
Response
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Identify disaster
prone regions – cyclone, floods, drought, earthquake, communal
riots/violence in India
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Identify local
NGOs and Community Based Organisations in the region
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Identify resource
persons and create a data bank
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Relate with ACT
For a India
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Build alliances
with other national and International Organisations engaged
in disaster preparedness and response
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Initiate Capacity
Building programmes in the areas of Disaster Preparedness
and Response – Churches, NGOs, Community Based Organisations
and the Communities.
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Hold a National
Workshop on Disaster Preparedness and Response – Experience
Sharing and to develop a Policy Paper of Disaster preparedness
and Response, Prepare an action plan for five years,
prepare different modules in relation to Disaster Preparedness
and Response, Peace, Conflict, Communal Harmony and Development.
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Continuously
review Relief Codes of the Central and State Governments
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Establish a national
and regional offices
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Conduct periodic
study in the vulnerable areas and relate to climate change
issues.
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Prepare a proposal
for a Fund to a tune of Rs. 5 Million for emergency response
and later to be raised from the resource agencies.
Human endeavor to
prevent and mitigate disasters can be successful only with the
aid of an affective knowledge base. A country like India which
is rich in knowledge, both traditional and modern needs to utilise
this base for effective Disaster management. The process of recording
the data during any disaster situation has to be properly constituted
for different type of disaster as each disaster situation is a
unique event, which needs to be recorded for posterity to draw
appropriate lessons.
UELCI’s
Disaster Response
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Orissa Floods
2003 (ASIN 34) |
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Incessant heavy rainfall for weeks together both at upper &
lower catchment areas of Mahanadi, Indravati and other
river systems caused floods in most parts of Orissa. On
28th August Mahanadi, Indravati and other rivers
swelled. Heavy discharge of water from the Hirakud, Indravati
and other reservoirs coupled with heavy rainfall in the
lower catchments and the coastal delta areas has caused
severe floods and flash-floods. Almost, 6846 villages in 23 districts have been affected.
UELCI’s Area of Operation
The
area covered under this programme lies in 62
villages, 12 Gram Panchayats in 2 blocks from 2 districts
covering 1307 families
Response
by UELCI
This
programme is still going on and so far the following
assistance has been provided.
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1307
families were assisted with Food Relief
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357
families with 1071 match boxes and 360 litres of Kerosene
was provided under Non-food items
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62
Health awareness meetings were held in 69 villages
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300
ORS packets were distributed
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956
patients were treated by conducting 35 health
camps in 69 villages
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Water
sources in all working villages were treated with
bleaching power
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Halogen
tablets were provided to all the families
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68
volunteers have been engaged
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Orissa
Drought 2002 (ASIN 24)
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Orissa State
has been passing through another severe drought in 2002-03.
Due to long monsoon breaks, continuous dry spell and sporadic
rainfall has badly affected the Kharif (autumn and winter)
crops. All the 30 Districts of the state have been affected
damaging around 70% of crops. The Government of Orissa
have declared 5857 out of total 6234 Gram Panchayats
as drought-hit.
Response
by UELCI
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27
villages, 11 Gram Panchayats, 8 blocks and 6 districts
were covered
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2009
families were covered
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1742
families were assisted with food for work.
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72625
human days were generated.
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185
families were benefited under drinking water programme
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2742
patients were treated by conducting 53 health camps
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89
wells disinfected
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88
awareness meetings were conducted
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1195
families were provided with black-gram seeds
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1684
families were provided with paddy seeds
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139
families were provided with Ragi seeds
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32
families were provided with groundnut
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74
families were provided with horsegram
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1703
families were provided with homestead vegetable seeds
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1880
families were covered under seed bank programme
more>>
Activity
Photos>> (PDF
Format)
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Gujarath
Communal Violence (ASIN 21) |
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Over 665
people have been killed in Gujarat since communal violence
and rioting broke out on 28 February. On 27 February,
58 people were killed at Godhra on the border of Gujarat
and Madhya Pradesh, in an attack on a train carrying Hindu
activists on their way back from Ayodhya. This triggered
violence against the Muslim minority in large parts of
the state, including Ahmedabad, Baroda, Surat, Rajkot,
Morbi, Bhavnagar and the north eastern tribal belt, bordering
south Rajasthan.
UELCI’s Area of Operation
The
area covered under this programme lies in north Gujarat
in Idar Block
Response
by UELCI
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1223
families in 7 camps were covered.
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1223
families for 30 days were covered under food assistance
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1223
families were provided with sleeping materials
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Legal
and Media advocacy support
Conducted
1 peace march and 2 Youth camps on communal harmony
more>>
(in PDF Format) Pictures
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Andhra
Cyclone
(ASIN 14)
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The 17th
of October 2001 was a fateful day for the villages of
the Nellore, Cuddapah District of Andhra Pradesh. Deep
depression created in the Bay of Bengal intensified into
cyclonic storm with the wind velocity of 75 km per hour.
The Cyclone caused incessant rains with the record of
350 mm within 24 hours that resulted in the high flow
in the many rivers.
1,16,076
hectares of land damaged of which 1,08,771 hectares of
standing crop and 7,305 hectares due to soil erosion.
108 persons lost their lives and 21 missing. 650 livestock
lost and total loss of Animal Husbandry at Rs. 85.37
lakh. Approximately 87,975 houses damaged, 1771 tank
breached, 505 drinking water schemes, 1596 roads connecting
the villages with the main roads and the highways have
been damaged, 61 Hospitals, 192 PHCs and 2468 Sub centres
were damaged, the total loss estimated Rs. 924 crores
by the government.
UELCI’s Area of Operation
28
villages in 8 mandals of Gudur Division from Nellore
district were covered
Response
by UELCI
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1208
families were covered
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619
families were assisted with food for work.
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55710
person days were generated.
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416
families were assisted with non-food items like lanterns,
mats
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619
families were assisted with Shelter materials.
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101
nets were provided to 101 families.
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600
families were benefited through livestock support
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3837
people were covered in 25 medical camps under the
medical assistance programme.
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628
community members and volunteers from 28 villages
had been given training on disaster preparedness.
more>>
Pictures
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Orissa
Floods Post Crisis (ASIN 13)
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It
was a continuation of ASIN - 12
UELCI’s Area of Operation
Gania, Khandapara,
Bhapur are the blocks in Nayagarh district, Bhuban Block
in Dhenkanal district Angul and Athmallick Blocks in Angul
district, Dasmanthpur block of Koraput district. In 8
blocks and four districts, 5811 Families of 70 villages
in 15 Gram Panchayats were covered under the Programme.
Programmes:
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70
villages, 15 Gram Panchayats, 8 blocks and 4 districts
were covered
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5811
families were covered
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4214
families were assisted with food for work.
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64808
person days were generated.
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30
boats were given to 274 families.
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366
families were assisted with Shelter materials.
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659
nets were provided to 800 families.
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42
weaving units were supported.
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1749
families were provided with black-gram seeds.
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205
families were provided with ground-net seeds.
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1614
families were provided with brinjal, chilly and oil
seeds.
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235
families were provided with oil seeds.
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3789
families were covered under home stead vegetable cultivation.
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5787
families in 90 villages were covered under the medical
assistance programme.
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56
Meetings were conducted in the villages.
more>>
Pictures
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Orissa
Floods (ASIN 12)
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Following
the super cyclone in the year 1999 and the severe drought
in the year 2000, the third misfortune of the Orissa people
was the floods in July 2001 that played havoc with the
lives of the people and their survival livelihood resources.
There seems to be no end to the people's worries as torrential
rains continued to lash the State and the release of waters
from the Hirakud Dam and other barrages in July 2001 worsen
the situation. Less than two years after a cyclone wrecked
Orissa, a trail of devastation has been left by floods
that affected more than five million people in the State.
The recent
flood affected 24 districts of the State such as Angul,
Balasore, Bargarh, Bhadrak, Balangir, Boudh, Cuttack,
Deogarh, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Jharsuguda,
Kalahandi, Kendrapara, Khurdha, Koraput, Nawarangpur,
Nayagarh, Nuapada, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Sonepur
and Sundargarh.
The
following are the other details relating Orissa Floods:
(i) Areas
Affected – 24 Districts, 12910 Villages
(ii) Population
affected: 967.2 Million
(iii) Number
of human live lost: 105
(iv) Number of Cattle lost:
10169
(v) Estimated
value of crop damage: Rs. 710000 Million
(vi) Number
of houses collapsed: 174041
UELCI’s Area of Operation
Ganiya, Khandapara
and Bhapur in Nayagarh, Bhuban in Dhenkanal, Angul, Kishorenagar,
Atthamallik in Angul and Dasmanthpur in Koraput Districts
of Orissa.
11490 Families
of 175 villages in 36 Gram Panchayats were covered under
the Programme. The Crisis Phase Relief Programme was carried out
in 9 blocks of 4 districts.
Programmes
- 11490 families were covered
under food assistance.
- 1170 families were provided
with temporary shelter materials.
- 965 families were given
sleeping materials – blankets and dhurries.
Besides this,
the essential commodities like matches (4688 Pkts) and
candles 900 Pkts. were distributed.
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174 villages, 36 Gram Panchayat, 9 Blocks in 4 districts
were covered
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11490
families were covered under immediate food relief
( 3 to 20 days)
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40000
person days of work was generated
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1170
families were provided with polythene sheets ( temporary
roofing)
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965
families received sleeping materials
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9120
patients were attended to
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Crisis
Phase will come to an end by end of November 2001
more>>
Pictures
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Gujarath
Earthquake (ASIN 11)
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The monstrous
earthquake of 26th January, 2001 that hit
Gujarat measuring 8.0 on the Richter Scale at the epicentre
and 7.1 in the surroundings areas. The epic centre of
the quake was 20 km away from Bhuj, the district capital
of Kutch, intense tremors lasted for about 2-3 minutes
in the north western district of Kutch and caused widespread
destruction in Kutch and adjoining district of Jamnagar,
Surendranagar and Rajkot. This earthquake has been the
most severe in the last hundred years, which caused thousands
of lives were lost and shelters destroyed and some villages
were wiped out.
According
to government figures 35000 lives were lost 31000 persons
injured, 1,60,000 families homeless though unofficial
estimates claimed as high as 1lakh deaths, 2 lakhs persons
injured and 4,80,000 homeless respectively. 4578 villages
in 77 blocks in 8 districts affected with 15536 human
deaths, 11957 livestock deaths, 58001 injured and 211788
houses totally collapsed and 328102 partially.
UELCI
Area of Operation
7 villages
of Rapar Block of Kutch district, 30 villages of Jodiya
block of Jamnagar district including Jodiya town and 3
villages of Maliya Block of Rajkot District and 1 village
of Halvad Block of Surendranagar District.
Response
by UELCI
After assessing
the destruction the works were being implemented in two
phases as crisis phase and post crisis phase. The crisis
assistance included food distribution, sleeping materials,
cooking materials. The food assistance covered to 4450
families for 60 days. Cooking materials were supplied
to selected 3900 families and sleeping materials to 1929
selected families most of them were from dalits, minorities,
and landless poor. The Post Crisis phase included provision
of shelter materials for temporary construction, medical
assistance, capacity building programme, socio psycho
study for children, advocacy and media accompaniment.
3700 families were provided with shelter materials and
number of major surgeries were done by different church
based medical teams. more>>
Pictures
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Orissa
Super Cyclone - 1999
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The
State of Orissa was ravaged by two consecutive cyclones
within a gap of 11 days. Ganjam, Gajapati, Khurda and
Nayagarh were badly affected with death toll of 197
persons and 1 lakh cattle, uncountable number of trees,
communication system and thousands of people rendered
homeless with the total loss estimated at Rs. 3000 crores
in the first hit. The second one affecting 12 districts
of coastal Orissa with tidal waves, rain and heavy wind
caused loss of 50000 lives (officially 10000 declared),
4.5 lakhs cattles, 18.43 lakh hecates of standing crop,
18 lakhs houses collapsed affecting 16.2 million people.
The total loss was estimated at Rs. 30,000 crores.
UELCI
Area of Operation
Mahakalpara
in Kendrapara, Erasma in Jagatsinghpur, Gandia in Dhenkenal,
Kaptipada in Mayurbhanj, Anandpur in Keonjhar, Chikiti,
Kukudakhandi and Digapahandi in Ganjam Districts of Orissa.
UELCI implementing
partners had worked in 108 villages of 8 blocks in 6 districts
of Orissa.
Response
by UELCI
In the crisis
phase the main activities were food distribution, medical,
food for work, clothing to children, blankets and lanterns.
more>>
For
Pictures
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